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1.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 81(9): 778-784, Sept. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1520249

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background Ischemic stroke is an important cause of death in the world. The malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (MMCAI) has mortality as high as 80% when clinically treated. In this setting, decompressive craniectomy is a life-saving measure, in spite of high morbidity among survivors. Objective To evaluate the outcomes of patients with MMCAI treated with decompressive craniectomy in a Brazilian academic tertiary stroke center. Methods A prospective stroke database was retrospectively evaluated, and all patients treated with decompressive craniectomy for MMCAI between January 2014 and December 2017 were included. The demographics and clinical characteristics were evaluated. The functional outcome, measured by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), was assessed at hospital discharge, after 3-months and 1-year of follow-up. Results We included 53 patients on the final analysis. The mean age was 54.6 ± 11.6 years and 64.2% were males. The median time from symptoms to admission was 4.8 (3-9.7) hours and the mean time from symptoms to surgery was 36 ± 17 hours. The left hemisphere was the affected in 39.6%. The median NIHSS at admission was 20 (16-24). The in-hospital mortality was 30.2%. After a median of 337 [157-393] days, 47.1% of patients had achieved favorable outcome (mRS ≤ 4) and 39.6% had died. Conclusion Decompressive craniectomy is a life-saving measure in the setting of MMCAI, and its effects remains important in the scenario of a middle-income country in real-world situations.


Resumo Antecedentes O acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) isquêmico é uma causa importante da morte em todo o mundo. O infarto maligno da artéria cerebral média (IMACM) tem mortalidade de até 80% quando tratado clinicamente. Nesse contexto, a craniectomia descompressiva é uma medida salvadora de vidas, apesar da alta morbidade entre os sobreviventes. Objetivo Avaliar os desfechos dos pacientes com IMACM tratados com craniectomia descompressiva em um centro acadêmico terciário de AVC no Brasil. Métodos Um banco de dados prospectivo de AVC foi avaliado retrospectivamente e todos os pacientes tratados com craniectomia descompressiva para IMACM entre janeiro de 2014 e dezembro de 2017 foram incluídos. As características clínicas e demográficas foram avaliadas. Os desfechos funcionais, medidos pela escala modificada da Rankin (mRS), foram avaliados na alta hospitalar, após 3 meses e após 1 ano de seguimento. Resultados Foram incluídos 53 pacientes na análise final. A idade média foi 54,6 ± 11,6 anos e 64,2% eram homens. A mediana do tempo dos sintomas à admissão foi 4,8 (3-9,7) horas e o tempo médio dos sintomas à cirurgia foi 36 ± 17 horas. O hemisfério esquerdo foi o afetado em 39,6%. A pontuação na escala de AVC do National Institute of Health (NIHSS) à admissão foi 20 (16-24). A mortalidade hospitalar foi 30,2%. Após uma mediana de 337 (157-393) dias, 47,1% dos pacientes tinham atingido um desfecho favorável (mRS ≤ 4) e 39,6% tinham morrido. Conclusão Craniectomia descompressiva é uma medida salvadora de vidas no contexto do IMACM e seus efeitos permanecem importantes no cenário de um país em desenvolvimento em situação de vida real.

2.
RGO (Porto Alegre) ; 71: e20230058, 2023. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1521439

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Mechanical liposuction of cervicomental fat is part of the aesthetic procedures of orofacial harmonization. Ultrasonography stands out for illustrating soft tissues with high-resolution images in the diagnostic and postoperative stages. The present study aimed to report the case of a female patient, 54 years old, in good general health, confirmed by all previously requested laboratory tests, whose main complaint was the presence of excess fat in the jowl region. The stages after the liposuction procedure were followed by high-resolution ultrasound examinations in order to assess the healing of the manipulated tissues, and ultrasound evaluations were performed in the postoperative follow-up periods of 30, 60 and 120 days. Through the present study, it was possible to conclude that ultrasonography is an important ally in the postoperative follow-up of neck liposuction, allowing to follow the evolution of the post-surgical repair process.


RESUMO A lipoaspiração mecânica da gordura cervical faz parte dos procedimentos estéticos de harmonização orofacial. A ultrassonografia se destaca por evidenciar tecidos moles com imagens de alta resolução nas fases diagnóstica e pós-operatória. O presente estudo teve como objetivo relatar o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino, 54 anos, com bom estado geral de saúde, confirmado por todos os exames laboratoriais previamente solicitados, cuja queixa principal era a presença de excesso de gordura na região da papada. As etapas após o procedimento de lipoaspiração foram acompanhadas por exames ultrassonográficos de alta resolução para avaliar a cicatrização dos tecidos manipulados e as avaliações ultrassonográficas foram realizadas nos períodos de acompanhamento pós-operatório de 30, 60 e 120 dias. Através do presente estudo foi possível concluir que a ultrassonografia é uma importante aliada no acompanhamento pós-operatório de lipoaspiração cervical, permitindo acompanhar a evolução do processo de reparo pós-cirúrgico.

3.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 81(10): 861-867, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1527870

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a deadly disease and increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is associated with worse outcomes in this context. Objective We evaluated whether dilated optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) depicted by optic nerve ultrasound (ONUS) at hospital admission has prognostic value as a predictor of mortality at 90 days. Methods Prospective multicenter study of acute supratentorial primary ICH patients consecutively recruited from two tertiary stroke centers. Optic nerve ultrasound and cranial computed tomography (CT) scans were performed at hospital admission and blindly reviewed. The primary outcome was mortality at 90-days. Multivariate logistic regression, ROC curve, and C-statistics were used to identify independent predictors of mortality. Results Between July 2014 and July 2016, 57 patients were evaluated. Among those, 13 were excluded and 44 were recruited into the trial. Their mean age was 62.3 ± 13.1 years and 12 (27.3%) were female. On univariate analysis, ICH volume on cranial CT scan, ICH ipsilateral ONSD, Glasgow coma scale, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and glucose on admission, and also diabetes mellitus and current nonsmoking were predictors of mortality. After multivariate analysis, ipsilateral ONSD (odds ratio [OR]: 6.24; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18-33.01; p = 0.03) was an independent predictor of mortality, even after adjustment for other relevant prognostic factors. The best ipsilateral ONSD cutoff was 5.6mm (sensitivity 72% and specificity 83%) with an AUC of 0.71 (p = 0.02) for predicting mortality at 90 days. Conclusion Optic nerve ultrasound is a noninvasive, bedside, low-cost technique that can be used to identify increased ICP in acute supratentorial primary ICH patients. Among these patients, dilated ONSD is an independent predictor of mortality at 90 days.


Resumo Antecedentes A hemorragia intraparenquimatosa (HIP) aguda apresenta elevada morbimortalidade e a presença de hipertensão intracraniana (HIC) confere um pior prognóstico. Objetivo Avaliamos se a dilatação do diâmetro da bainha do nervo óptico (DBNO) através do ultrassom do nervo óptico (USNO) na admissão hospitalar seria preditora de mortalidade. Métodos Estudo multicêntrico e prospectivo de pacientes consecutivos com HIP supratentorial primária aguda admitidos em dois centros terciários. Ultrassom do nervo óptico e tomografia computadorizada (TC) de crânio foram realizados na admissão e revisados de forma cega. O desfecho primário do estudo foi a mortalidade em 3 meses. Análises de regressão logística, curva de característica de operação do receptor (ROC, na sigla em inglês) e estatística-C foram utilizadas para identificação dos preditores independentes de mortalidade. Resultados Entre julho de 2014 e julho de 2016, 44 pacientes foram incluídos. A idade média foi 62,3 (±13,1) anos e 12 (27,3%) eram mulheres. Na análise univariada, o volume da HIP na TC de crânio, DBNO ipsilateral à HIP, glicemia, escala de coma de Glasgow (ECG) e NIHSS na admissão hospitalar, e também diabetes mellitus e não-tabagista foram preditores de mortalidade. Após análise multivariada, o DBNO ipsilateral à HIP permaneceu como preditor independente de mortalidade (odds ratio [OR]: 6,24; intervalo de confiança [IC] de 95%: 1,18-33,01; p = 0,03). O melhor ponto de corte do DBNO ipsilateral como preditor de mortalidade em 3 meses foi 5,6mm (sensibilidade 72% e especificidade 83%) e área sob a curva (AUC, na sigla em inglês) 0,71 (p = 0,02). Conclusão O USNO é um método não-invasivo, beira-leito, de baixo custo, que pode ser empregado para estimar a presença de HIC em pacientes com HIP supratentorial primária aguda. A presença de DBNO dilatada é um preditor independente de mortalidade em 3 meses nesses pacientes.

4.
Rev. ADM ; 78(3): 142-148, mayo-jun. 2021. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1254562

ABSTRACT

partir de la pandemia, los odontólogos han presentado una serie de complicaciones en su práctica diaria, la naturaleza misma de la profesión representa un alto riesgo de contagio y la posibilidad de generar una infección cruzada por el virus SARS-CoV-2, por lo que han tenido que limitar su labor a la atención de urgencias, adquiriendo insumos relacionados a incrementar los cuidados de su grupo de trabajo y del paciente. Objetivo: Conocer el impacto de esta plaga en la práctica de los profesionistas de la salud oral en México. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal mediante la aplicación de una encuesta a través de redes sociales a odontólogos, los resultados se expresaron con tablas de frecuencias y porcentajes. Resultados: Se recibieron respuestas de 200 cirujanos dentistas con clínica privada, 71% comentó haber cerrado su consultorio al inicio de esta calamidad, en contraste, el 53.5% de profesionales afirmaron tener actualmente una consulta no restringida, refiriendo que se ha visto reducida entre 50 y 75%, la mayoría reconoce que han tenido que reforzar el uso de EPP y algunos protocolos de protección, 16.5% ha padecido COVID-19. Conclusiones: La pandemia ha generado un impacto económico importante en la práctica de los odontólogos, al combinarse la disminución del número de pacientes con el aumento de gastos. Se debe considerar a la odontología como una profesión de alto riesgo, por lo que este gremio debe ser tomado en cuenta para el plan de vacunación como parte importante del sector salud (AU)


Given the nature of their profession, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought complications in their daily practice to odontologists, who are at a high risk of contracting the disease, and the possibility of creating a cross infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. That is why odontologists have had to restrain their practice to attend to emergencies only and acquire consumables and equipment related to improve their patients' care and the safety of their work team. Objective: To know the COVID-19 pandemic impact in the oral health professionals' practice in Mexico. Material and methods: A transversal, descriptive study was conducted by using a survey through social networks to gather information from odontologists practicing in Mexico. Results were presented in frequency and percentage tables. Result: Responses of 200 dental surgeons in private practice were received. 71% said that they closed their office at the beginning of the pandemic. On the other hand, 53.5% of them currently have a non-restricted practice but it is reduced between 50 and 75%. Most of them recognized that they had to improve the use of PPE and add some protection protocols, 16.5% have suffered from COVID-19. Conclusions: This pandemic has generated an important economic impact in the odontological practice, combining the decrease in the number of patients with the increase in their office expenses. Odontology must be considered a high-risk profession and an important part of the health sector, consequently, these professionals must be included in the vaccination plan on a priority basis (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Coronavirus Infections , Pandemics , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 , Communicable Disease Control , Clinical Protocols , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Dental Care/standards , Vaccination , Social Networking , COVID-19 Vaccines , Mexico/epidemiology
5.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 78(7): 440-449, July 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1131723

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Introduction: Although the 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) pandemic poses new challenges to the healthcare system to provide support for thousands of patients, there is special concern about common medical emergencies, such as stroke, that will continue to occur and will require adequate treatment. The allocation of both material and human resources to fight the pandemic cannot overshadow the care for acute stroke, a time-sensitive emergency that with an inefficient treatment will further increase mortality and long-term disability. Objective: This paper summarizes the recommendations from the Scientific Department on Cerebrovascular Diseases of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology, the Brazilian Society of Cerebrovascular Diseases and the Brazilian Society of Neuroradiology for management of acute stroke and urgent neuro-interventional procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic, including proper use of screening tools, personal protective equipment (for patients and health professionals), and patient allocation.


RESUMO Introdução: A pandemia causada pelo novo coronavírus da síndrome respiratória aguda grave 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) apresenta novos e importantes desafios à gestão de saúde no Brasil. Além da difícil missão de prestar atendimento aos milhares de pacientes infectados pelo COVID-19, os sistemas de saúde têm que manter a assistência às emergências médicas comuns em períodos sem pandemia, tais como o acidente vascular cerebral (AVC), que continuam ocorrendo e requerem tratamento com presteza e eficiência. A alocação de recursos materiais e humanos para o enfrentamento à pandemia não pode comprometer o atendimento ao AVC agudo, uma emergência cujo tratamento é tempo-dependente e se não realizado implica em importante impacto na mortalidade e incapacitação a longo prazo. Objetivo: Este trabalho resume as recomendações do Departamento Científico de Doenças Cerebrovasculares da Academia Brasileira de Neurologia, da Sociedade Brasileira de Doenças Cerebrovasculares e da Sociedade Brasileira de Neurorradiologia para o tratamento do AVC agudo e para a realização de procedimentos de neurointervenção urgentes durante a pandemia de COVID-19, incluindo o uso adequado de ferramentas de triagem e equipamentos de proteção pessoal (para pacientes e profissionais de saúde), além da alocação apropriada de pacientes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infectious Disease Transmission, Professional-to-Patient/prevention & control , Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control , Coronavirus , Disease Management , Neurology/standards , Pneumonia, Viral/complications , Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Societies, Medical , Brazil , Coronavirus Infections , Coronavirus Infections/complications , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Stroke/therapy , Pandemics/prevention & control , Betacoronavirus
6.
Ciênc. rural (Online) ; 50(3): e20190453, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1089552

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: This study was an endeavor undertaken to assess the biomass yield of the species that are native to a particular region characterized by saline soil, in the Irrigated Perimeter Curu-Pentecoste, in the municipality of Pentecoste-CE, corresponding to the qualities of moisture, pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of the soil. The experiment was conducted in six areas, with area 1, the one nearest to the collecting drain, the end having the highest salinity and area 6, the one furthest away from the collecting drain, the end with the lowest salinity. The factorial design with the 2 x 6 scheme was adopted, in which the first and second factors referred, respectively, to the seasons (drought and rain collection) and collection areas. In each area, eight permanent 5 x 5 m plots were demarcated, which included 8 repetitions per treatment. Within each permanent plot the quantity of forage was gathered within an area of 0.25 x 0.25 m. Soil samples were taken from a depth of 0-20 cm, and the EC, pH and soil moisture were determined. The phytomass was oven dried, after which the water content and yield were recorded. Three subsamples per area were burned in a muffle furnace to determine the percentage of ash content. The resultant high pH and EC values, typical of arid soils and related to the significantly low humidity, can cause harm to most of the crops cultivated in the Northeast of Brazil. However, the biomass yield was substantial, indicating that the species occurring there possessed adaptive mechanisms to enable them to tolerate the conditions of saline soil and water stresses prevalent there.


RESUMO: O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o rendimento de biomassa vegetal de espécies presentes naturalmente em uma área com o solo salinizado no perímetro irrigado Curu-Pentecoste, no município de Pentecoste, CE, correlacionando com os atributos umidade, pH e condutividade elétrica (CE) do solo. O experimento foi realizado em 6 áreas, sendo a área 1 mais próxima do dreno coletor o extremo mais salinizado, e a área 6 mais distante do dreno coletor, o extremo menos salinizado. Utilizamos do delineamento fatorial no esquema 2 x 6, com primeiro fator referente às estações de coleta (seca e chuva), e o segundo relativo às áreas. Foram marcadas em cada uma das áreas 8 parcelas permanentes de 5 x 5m e em cada parcela permanente foram realizadas coletas da porção forrageira dentro de um quadrado de 0,25 x 0,25 m. Amostras de solo de 0-20 cm de profundidade foram coletadas para a obtenção da CE, do pH e da umidade do solo. A fitomassa foi secada em estufa, onde foram mensurados o seu conteúdo de água e biomassa seca. Três subamostras por área foram queimadas em mufla para a obtenção do seu conteúdo de cinzas. O pH e CE elevados do solo mostraram características típicas de solos de clima árido, que associados a uma significante diminuição da umidade desse, podem causar prejuízos na maioria dos cultivos no Nordeste brasileiro. Entretanto, o rendimento de biomassa foi elevado, o que demonstra que as espécies ali presentes possuem mecanismos adaptativos para tolerância aos estresses salino e hídrico.

7.
Rev. Ciênc. Plur ; 6(3): 16-34, 2020. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1127956

ABSTRACT

Introdução:Aepidemia do HIV/AIDS é um desafio para saúde pública mundial e leva ao óbito milhares de pessoas todos os anos. Hoje éconsiderada uma condição crônica, com mudanças epidemiológicas importantes que necessitam ser conhecidas para que intervenções no combate a novas infecções possam ser implementadas. Objetivo:Realizar um levantamento epidemiológico de HIV/AIDS no município deParnaíba-PI, no período de 1990-2018. Métodos:Estudo descritivo, transversal e quantitativo, realizado a partir de dados disponibilizados pelo Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS) e peloDepartamento de Doenças de Condições Crônicas e Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis, da Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, do Ministério da Saúde (DCCI/SVC/MS). Resultados:Foram registrados 372casos de HIV/AIDS comas maioresprevalênciasobservadasnosexo masculino (65,9%), raça/cor parda (36,8%), nível fundamental incompleto (44,9%), categoria de exposição heterossexual (34,9%) e faixa etária entre 20-49 anos (85,2%). A taxa média de detecção de infecçãopelo HIV foi de 9,2/100.000 hab. Outro fator relevante,diz respeito ao número de gestantes com cerca de 12,6%do total de mulheres infectadas. Foram registrados o total de 114óbitospor AIDS,com taxa média de mortalidade de 2,8/100.000hab. eletalidadede 30,6%. Conclusão:O estudopermitiudiscutirsobre as variáveis epidemiológicase a necessidade de avanços empolíticas públicasespecíficas, a exemplo das mulheres gestantese dos homens,além do incentivo aodiagnóstico e ao trabalho permanente em educação e prevenção, para que haja redução da morbimortalidade por esse agravo (AU).


Introduction: The HIV/AIDSepidemicis a challenge to global public health and leads to death thousands of people every year. Today it is considereda chronic condition, with important epidemiological changes that need to be known so that interventions to fight new infections can be implemented.Objective:To perform an epidemiological survey of HIV/AIDS in the municipality of Parnaíba-PI, in the period 1990-2018.Methods:Descriptive, cross-sectional and quantitative study, based on data provided by the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS) and by the Department of Diseases of Chronic Conditions and Sexually Transmitted Infections, of the Secretary of Health Surveillance, of the Ministry of Health(DCCI/SVC/MS).Results:372 cases of HIV/AIDS were registered with the highest prevalences observed in males (65.9%), brown race/color (36.8%), incomplete fundamental level (44.9%), heterosexual exposure category (34.9%) and age group between 20-49 years (85.2%). The average HIV infection detection rate was 9.2/100,000 inhabitants. Another relevant factor concerns the number of pregnant women with about 12.6% of the total number of infected women. A total of 114 deaths from AIDS were recorded, with an average mortality rate of 2.8/100,000 inhabitants and lethality of 30.6%.Conclusion: The study allowed to discussthe epidemiological variables and the need for progress on specific public policies, like the pregnant women and men, in addition to encouraging the diagnosis and permanentwork on education and prevention, so that there is reduction in morbidity and mortality from this injury (AU).


Introducción:La epidemia de VIH / SIDA es un desafío para la salud pública en todo el mundo y provoca la muerte de miles de personas cada año. Hoy se considera una condición crónica, conimportantes cambios epidemiológicos que deben conocerse para que se puedan implementar intervenciones para combatir nuevas infeccionesObjetivo:Realizar una encuesta epidemiológica del VIH/SIDA en la ciudad de Parnaíba-PI, en el período 1990-2018. Métodos:Estudio descriptivo, transversal y cuantitativo, basado en datos proporcionados por el Departamento de Informática del Sistema Único de Salud (DATASUS) y por el Departamentode Enfermedades de CondicionesCrónicas e Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual, del Departamento de Vigilancia Sanitaria, del Ministerio de Salud (DCCI/SVC/MS).Resultados:Se registraron 372 casos de VIH/SIDA con las prevalencias más altas observadas en hombres (65.9%), raza/color marrón (36.8%), nivel fundamental incompleto (44.9%), categoría de exposición heterosexual (34.9%) y grupo de edad entre 20-49 años (85.2%). La tasa promedio de detección de infección por VIH fue de 9.2/100,000 habitantes. Outro factor relevante se refiere al número de mujeres embarazadas con aproximadamente el 12.6% del número total de mujeres infectadas. Se registraron un total de 114 muertes por SIDA, con una tasa de mortalidad promedio de 2.8/100,000habitantes y letalidad del 30.6%.Conclusión:El estudio permitió discutir las variables epidemiológicas y la necesidad de avances en políticas públicas específicas, como mujeresembarazadasy hombres, además de alentar el diagnóstico y el trabajo permanente en educación y prevención, a fin de reducir la morbilidad y la mortalidad debido a este agravio (AU).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Brazil/epidemiology , Health Surveys/methods , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , HIV , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies
8.
Rev. Pesqui. Fisioter ; 9(3): 321-330, ago.2019. tab, fig
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1151342

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: Recentes evidências têm demonstrado resultados bastante promissores para o uso de estratégias não invasivas de neuromodulação na melhora de habilidades físicas ou esportivas. A estimulação elétrica periférica (EEP) e a estimulação transcraniana por corrente contínua (ETCC) são técnicas não invasivas e não farmacológicas bastante utilizadas para modular a excitabilidade neuronal de áreas cortico-motoras e estimular a recuperação funcional. No entanto, poucos estudos têm investigado o efeito dessas técnicas na melhora do desempenho muscular. OBJETIVO: Investigar o efeito da estimulação elétrica periférica sensorial (EEPs) seguida de estimulação elétrica periférica motora (EEPm) ou estimulação transcraniana por corrente contínua (ETCC) na força isométrica máxima dos extensores do joelho em indivíduos saudáveis. MÉTODO: 20 universitários saudáveis foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois blocos distintos de 10 participantes cada: Bloco n°1 EEPs real + EEPm real ou EEPs simulada + EEPm real e bloco n°2 EEPs real + ETCC real ou EEPs simulada + ETCC real em uma única sessão. A contração voluntária isométrica máxima (CVIM) dos extensores do joelho foi avaliada por meio da dinamometria manual antes, durante e 10 min pós-estimulação. RESULTADOS: A CVIM dos extensores do joelho aumentou significativamente 10 minutos pós-ETCC isolada (diferença média = 0,23 N/Kg; IC 95% = 0,01 a 0,44 N/Kg; p = 0,04). A ETCC isolada também apresentou maior proporção cumulativa de respondedores seguido de EEPs+ETCC. CONCLUSÃO: A estimulação transcraniana por corrente contínua induz a aumentos significativos na CVIM em indivíduos saudáveis. No entanto, a aplicação prévia de estimulação elétrica periférica sensorial não impulsiona os efeitos da estimulação elétrica periférica motora ou cerebral na CVIM.


INTRODUCTION: Recent evidence has shown very promising results for the use of noninvasive neuromodulation strategies in improving physical strength or sports skills. Peripheral electrical stimulation (PES) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are non-invasive and non-pharmacological techniques widely used to modulate neuronal excitability of corticomotor areas and to induce functional improvements. However, few studies have investigated the effect of these techniques on improving muscle performance. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of sensory peripheral electrical stimulation (PESs) followed by motor peripheral electrical stimulation (PESm) or transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the maximal isometric force production of the knee extensors in healthy individuals. METHODS: Twenty healthy university students were randomly assigned to two distinct blocks with 10 participants in each block: 1) block n°1 PESs + PESm or sham PESs + PESm, 2) block n°2 PESs + tDCS or sham PESs + tDCS (each in a single session). The maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of the knee extensors was evaluated by manual dynamometry pre-, during and 10 min post-stimulation. RESULTS: MVIC of the knee extensors was significantly increased 10 min post-tDCS alone (mean difference = 0.23 N/kg, 95% CI = 0.01 to 0.44 N/kg, p = 0.04). Isolated tDCS also had a higher cumulative proportion of responders, followed by PESs + tDCS. CONCLUSIONS: Transcranial direct current stimulation induces a significant increase in MVIC in healthy subjects. However, prior application of peripheral electrical stimulation does not compound the effects of peripheral electrical motor or cerebral stimulation.


Subject(s)
Physical Functional Performance , Electric Stimulation , Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
9.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 76(5): 355-357, May 2018.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-950542

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Basilar artery occlusion (BAO) ischemic stroke is a relatively rare condition with high morbidity and mortality rates. To date, the best acute reperfusion therapy for BAO has still not been established, mainly due to the lack of randomized controlled trials in this field. In this article, we review the history of BAO diagnosis and treatment, and the impact of modern technological resources on the clinical evolution and prognosis of BAO over time. Furthermore, we describe historical events and nonmedical literature descriptions related to BAO. We conclude that BAO is a singular example of how art may help medical sciences with accurate descriptions of medical conditions.


RESUMO O acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico secundário à oclusão aguda da basilar (OAB) é uma condição relativamente rara, que cursa com elevada morbimortalidade. Até o momento atual, a melhor estratégia de recanalização arterial na fase aguda da OAB não está definida, principalmente pela carência de ensaios clínicos randomizados e controlados neste contexto. Neste artigo, revisamos aspectos históricos do diagnóstico e do tratamento desta condição, assim como o impacto do avanço tecnológico na evolução clínica e prognóstico desta condição. Ademais, descrevemos fatos históricos e a literatura fictícia relacionados à OAB. Concluímos que a OAB é um exemplo peculiar de como a arte pode auxiliar a medicina na descrição acurada de condições médicas.


Subject(s)
Humans , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Arterial Occlusive Diseases/history , Basilar Artery , Medicine in Literature
10.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 75(7): 412-418, July 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-888292

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Mechanical thrombectomy using stent retrievers is the standard treatment for acute ischemic stroke that results from large vessel occlusions. The direct aspiration first pass technique (ADAPT) has been proposed as an efficient, fast, and cost-effective thrombectomy strategy. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of ADAPT. Methods Recanalization was assessed using the modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (mTICI) score. Neurological outcomes were assessed using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and modified Rankin Scale. Results Fifteen patients were evaluated. The mTICI score was 2b-3 in 80%, and it was 3 in 60% of patients. No intracranial hemorrhage was seen. At three months, modified Rankin Scale scores ≤ 2 were observed in 60% of patients and the mortality rate was 13.3%. Conclusions The ADAPT appears to be a safe, effective, and fast recanalization strategy for treatment of acute ischemic stroke resulting from large vessel occlusions.


RESUMO A trombectomia mecânica com stent retrievers é o tratamento padrão ouro do acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico agudo (AVCi) por oclusão de grandes artérias. A técnica de aspiração primária (ADAPT) tem sido proposta como uma estratégia de trombectomia rápida e com boa custo-efetividade. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a segurança e eficácia da técnica ADAPT. Métodos A recanalização foi avaliada utilizando a escala mTICI. Os desfechos neurológicos foram avaliados utilizando as escalas do NIHSS e mRS. Resultados Quinze pacientes foram avaliados. Foram obtidas taxas de mTICI = 2b-3 em 80% e TICI = 3 em 60% dos pacientes. Não ocorreram hemorragias intracranianas. Em 3 meses as taxas de mRS≤2 e mortalidade foram respectivamente 60% e 13.3%. Conclusão A técnica ADAPT parece ser uma estratégia de recanalização rápida, segura e efetiva para o tratamento do AVC por oclusão de grandes artérias.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Arterial Occlusive Diseases/therapy , Stents , Brain Ischemia/therapy , Thrombectomy , Stroke/therapy , Mechanical Thrombolysis/methods , Arterial Occlusive Diseases/etiology , Brain Ischemia/complications , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Stroke/complications , Mechanical Thrombolysis/adverse effects
11.
Clinics ; 70(3): 180-184, 03/2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-747104

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Carotid artery stenting is an emerging revascularization alternative to carotid endarterectomy. However, guidelines have recommended carotid artery stenting only if the rate of periprocedural stroke or death is < 6% among symptomatic patients and < 3% among asymptomatic patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare clinical outcomes of symptomatic and asymptomatic patients who had undergone carotid artery stenting as a first-intention treatment. METHOD: A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent carotid artery stenting by our interventional neuroradiology team was conducted. Patients were divided into two groups: symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. The primary endpoints were ipsilateral ischemic stroke, ipsilateral parenchymal hemorrhage and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events at 30 days. The secondary endpoints included ipsilateral ischemic stroke, ipsilateral parenchymal hemorrhage, ipsilateral transient ischemic attack and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events between the 1- and 12-month follow-ups. RESULTS: A total of 200 consecutive patients were evaluated. The primary endpoints obtained in the symptomatic vs. asymptomatic groups were ipsilateral stroke (2.4% vs. 2.7%, p = 1.00), ipsilateral parenchymal hemorrhage (0.8% vs. 0.0%, p = 1.00) and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (4.7% vs. 2.7%, p = 0.71). The secondary endpoints obtained in the symptomatic vs. asymptomatic groups were ipsilateral ischemic stroke (0.0% vs. 0.0%), ipsilateral parenchymal hemorrhage (0.0% vs. 0.0%), ipsilateral TIA (0.0% vs. 0.0%, p = 1.00) and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (11.2% vs. 4.1%, p = 0.11). CONCLUSIONS: In this retrospective study, carotid artery stenting was similarly safe and effective when performed as a first-intention treatment in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. The ...


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Diet/statistics & numerical data , Dietary Fats/administration & dosage , Ovarian Neoplasms/epidemiology , Diet/adverse effects , Dietary Fats/adverse effects , Fruit , Ovarian Neoplasms/etiology , Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology , Risk Factors , Vegetables
12.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 28(1): 165-167, jan.-mar. 2013. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-687365

ABSTRACT

Os hidrocistomas écrinos são lesões raras, císticas e benignas, que resultam em deformidades nas regiões palpebrais bilateralmente. Vários tratamentos são citados na literatura, porém nenhum deles é considerado padrão de referência. Deve-se somar as impressões obtidas à avaliação clínica e aos recursos disponíveis. Paciente de 73 anos, feminino, apresentando tumorações em regiões palpebrais bilaterais, de crescimento lento, com obstrução parcial do campo de visão e ectrópio. Foi submetida a dois procedimentos cirúrgicos para ressecção, em 2007 e em 2008. Apresentou melhora significativa do contorno palpebral bilateral, com boa simetria entre as regiões. O exame histopatológico concluiu: hidrocistoma écrino. O tratamento cirúrgico para a polipose palpebral bilateral relacionada ao hidrocistoma écrino mostrou-se uma modalidade que pode apresentar bons resultados estéticos e funcionais, sendo reprodutível, e sem causar maiores morbidades pós-operatórias ao paciente.


Eccrine hidrocystomas are rare lesions, cysts, or benign tumors, which lead to bilateral deformities in the eyelid areas. Several treatments are described in the literature. However, none of them has been established as the gold standard. Hence, it becomes necessary to consider the contribution of different opinions and available resources to clinical evaluation. A 73-year-old female patient presented with slow-growing tumors on both eyelids, which consequently led to partial visual field obstruction and ectropion. She underwent 2 surgical resections, one in 2007 and the other in 2008. As a result, she showed significant improvement of the bilateral eyelid contours and satisfactory symmetry between the areas. Histopathological diagnosis indicated eccrine hidrocystoma. The surgical treatment of bilateral eyelid polyposis associated with eccrine hidrocystoma proved to be a reproducible procedure that may ensure satisfactory aesthetic and functional results, without causing major postoperative morbidities to the patient.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Surgery, Plastic , Sweat Gland Neoplasms , Sweat Gland Neoplasms/surgery , Sweat Glands , Hidrocystoma , Eyelid Neoplasms , Eyelids , Face , Surgery, Plastic/methods , Sweat Glands/abnormalities , Sweat Glands/surgery , Sweat Glands/growth & development , Hidrocystoma/surgery , Eyelid Neoplasms/surgery , Eyelids/surgery , Face/surgery
13.
Clinics ; 67(12): 1379-1386, Dec. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-660464

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Large vessel occlusion in acute ischemic stroke is associated with low recanalization rates under intravenous thrombolysis. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the Solitaire AB stent in treating acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: Patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke were prospectively evaluated. The neurological outcomes were assessed using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and the modified Rankin Scale. Time was recorded from the symptom onset to the recanalization and procedure time. Recanalization was assessed using the thrombolysis in cerebral infarction score. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients were evaluated. The mean patient age was 65, and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores ranged from 7 to 28 (average 17±6.36) at presentation. The vessel occlusions occurred in the middle cerebral artery (61.9%), distal internal carotid artery (14.3%), tandem carotid occlusion (14.3%), and basilarartery (9.5%). Primary thrombectomy, rescue treatment and a bridging approach represented 66.6%, 28.6%, and 4.8% of the performed procedures, respectively. The mean time from symptom onset to recanalization was 356.5±107.8 minutes (range, 80-586 minutes). The mean procedure time was 60.4±58.8 minutes (range, 14-240 minutes). The overall recanalization rate (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction scores of 3 or 2b) was 90.4%, and the symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage rate was 14.2%. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores at discharge ranged from 0 to 25 (average 6.9±7). At three months, 61.9% of the patients had a modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 2, with an overall mortality rate of 9.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Intra-arterial thrombectomy with the Solitaire AB device appears to be safe and effective. Large randomized trials are necessary to confirm the benefits of this approach in acute ischemic stroke.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Mechanical Thrombolysis/methods , Stents , Stroke/therapy , Brazil , Device Removal , Follow-Up Studies , Mechanical Thrombolysis/instrumentation , Prospective Studies , Stroke , Treatment Outcome
14.
Clinics ; 67(7): 739-743, July 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-645444

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Scarce data are available on the occurrence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage related to intravenous thrombolysis for acute stroke in South America. We aimed to address the frequency and clinical predictors of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage after stroke thrombolysis at our tertiary emergency unit in Brazil. METHOD: We reviewed the clinical and radiological data of 117 consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis in our hospital between May 2001 and April 2010. We compared our results with those of the Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke registry. Univariate and multiple regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with symptomatic intracranial transformation. RESULTS: In total, 113 cases from the initial sample were analyzed. The median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 16 (interquartile range: 10-20). The median onset-to-treatment time was 188 minutes (interquartile range: 155-227). There were seven symptomatic intracranial hemorrhages (6.2%; Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke registry: 4.9%; p = 0.505). In the univariate analysis, current statin treatment and elevated National Institute of Health Stroke Scale scores were related to symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. After the multivariate analysis, current statin treatment was the only factor independently associated with symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS: In this series of Brazilian patients with severe strokes treated with intravenous thrombolysis in a public university hospital at a late treatment window, we found no increase in the rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. Additional studies are necessary to clarify the possible association between statins and the risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage after stroke thrombolysis.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Brain Ischemia/drug therapy , Fibrinolytic Agents/adverse effects , Intracranial Hemorrhages/chemically induced , Thrombolytic Therapy/adverse effects , Brazil/epidemiology , Fibrinolytic Agents/administration & dosage , Hospitals, Public , Infusions, Intravenous , Intracranial Hemorrhages/epidemiology , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors
15.
Investig. andin ; 13(23): 258-267, sept. 2011.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-595416

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: comparar el desempeño psicométrico de la Escala de Fagerstrõm para Dependencia a la Nicotina (FTND) y la Escala para Dependencia al Cigarrillo (CDS) en adultos de Bucaramanga, Colombia. Metodología: ciento veintiséis fumadores completaron la FTND y la CDS. La Entrevista Diagnóstica Internacional Compuesta para la dependencia de la nicotina se tomó como criterio de referencia.Resultados: la FTND mostró alfa de Cronbach de 0,72; sensibilidad, 0,69;especificidad, 0,71; valor predictivo positivo, 0,90; valor predictivo negativo, 0,40; razón de probabilidad positiva, 2,38; razón de probabilidad negativa, 0,43; kappa de Cohen, 0,32; y área bajo la curva, 0,74. La CDS presentó alfa de Cronbach de 0,90; sensibilidad, 0,77; especificidad, 0,71; valor predictivo positivo, 0,90; valor predictivo negativo, 0,47; razón de probabilidad positiva, 2,66; razón de probabilidad negativa, 0,33; kappa de Cohen, 0,40; y área bajo la curva, 0,80. Conclusiones: la CDS muestra mejor desempeño que la FTND en fumadores de Bucaramanga.


Introduction: to compare psychometric performance of the Fagerström TestNicotine Dependence (FTND) and Cigarette Dependence Scale (CDS) among adults from Bucaramanga, Colombia. Method: one-hundred twenty-six current smokers completed the FTND and CDS. Cronbach alpha, sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, likelihood values, Cohen kappa, and ROC area were computed for each scale. The Compose International Diagnostic Interview was taken as the gold-standard. Internal consistencies andROC curve were compared. Results: the FTND showed Cronbach alpha of 0.72; sensitivity, 0.69; specificity, 0.71; positive predictive value, 0.90; negative predictive value, 0.40; positive likelihood value, 2.38; negative likelihood value, 0.43; Cohen kappa, 0.32; and ROC area, 0.74. The CDS presented Cronbach alpha of 0.90; sensitivity, 0.77; specificity, 0.71; positive predictive value, 0.90; negative predictive value, 0.47; positive likelihood value, 2.66; negative likelihood value, 0.33; Cohen kappa, 0.40; and ROC area, 0.80. Conclusions: the CDS exhibits better performance than FTND in smokers from Bucaramanga (Colombia).


Subject(s)
Adult , Adult , Nicotiana , Tobacco Use Disorder
16.
Clinics ; 66(6): 955-957, 2011. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-594361

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To study tremor in patients with X-linked recessive spinobulbar muscular atrophy or Kennedy's disease. METHODS: Ten patients (from 7 families) with a genetic diagnosis of Kennedy's disease were screened for the presence of tremor using a standardized clinical protocol and followed up at a neurology outpatient clinic. All index patients were genotyped and showed an expanded allele in the androgen receptor gene. RESULTS: Mean patient age was 37.6 years and mean number of CAG repeats 47 (44-53). Tremor was present in 8 (80 percent) patients and was predominantly postural hand tremor. Alcohol responsiveness was detected in 7 (88 percent) patients with tremor, who all responded well to treatment with a β-blocker (propranolol). CONCLUSION: Tremor is a common feature in patients with Kennedy's disease and has characteristics similar to those of essential tremor.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Bulbo-Spinal Atrophy, X-Linked/physiopathology , Tremor/physiopathology , Age of Onset , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/administration & dosage , Muscle Weakness/physiopathology , Propranolol/administration & dosage , Tremor/drug therapy
17.
Rev. cir. traumatol. buco-maxilo-fac ; 6(4): 33-38, out.-dez. 2006. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-461786

ABSTRACT

Neste trabalho, é apresentado o relato de caso de uma paciente de 5 anos de idade, portadora de macroglossiaverdadeira, submetida à glossoplastia pela técnica de glossotomia em “V”. A execução do procedimento ocorreu com auxílio de uma mesa especialmente desenhada e confeccionada em placa de acetato, de acordo com o perfil anatômico da paciente, para estabilização da língua no período transoperatório, apresentada neste artigo como uma inovação proposta pelos autores com o intuito de facilitar o procedimento cirúrgico. As diversas técnicas cirúrgicas descritas na literatura são discutidas em relação às suas vantagens e desvantagens.


Subject(s)
Child , General Surgery , Glossectomy , Macroglossia , Surgery, Oral
18.
Rev. bras. ciênc. vet ; 8(2)maio-ago. 2001.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1491884

ABSTRACT

Acompanharam-se os índices de mortalidade de bezerros em uma fazenda de exploração mista de bovinos no Estado deGoiás no período compreendido entre 1994 e 1997 à medida que eram introduzidas mudanças de manejo. As modificaçõesimplantadas visaram melhorar a sobrevivência e a sanidade destes animais, e constaram de formação de piquetes deparíção, acompanhamento do parto, corte e desinfecção do umbigo, administração de colostro nas primeiras horas pósnascimento,formação de piquetes e suplementação destinados aos bezerros e treinamento da mão-de-obra auxiliar. Apropriedade possuí cerca de 1 000 h a dividida em dois retiros destinados à bovinocultura, com 650 vacas com graus variáveisde sangue Zebu/Holandês. Ao iniciar o estudo no ano de 1994, fez-se uma avaliação inicial da situação, antecedendo aimplantação das mudanças de manejo, onde foi constatado índice de mortalidade de bezerros de 18,65%. Para os anossubseqüentes a mortalidade decresceu para 9,39%, 6,45% e 4,67%. As principais causas de morte em ordem decrescentedurante o estudo foram atribuídos às hemoparasítoses {20,8%), diarréias (19,2%) e desnutrição (12%). Os demais óbitosforam atribuídos à pneumonia (11 ,2%), onfaloflebíte (8%), etc. A redução nos índices de mortalidade provavelmente ocorremem função do conjunto de medidas adotadas, demostrando que as mudanças introduzidas, apesar de simples, reduzirampara índices acei

19.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 91(1): 11-7, Jan.-Feb. 1996. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-164128

ABSTRACT

This article reports upon a community survey of malaria in Prábis, Guinea-Bissau. A house to house census of the population was initially carried out from August to December 1991 (rainy season). After completing the census of each village, the population was invited to come, a week later, to a central point, where they were medically examined and finger-prick blood samples were collected for epidemiological characterization of the malaria situation in the area. The blood films, of the one single village were used to compare the sensitivity and specifity of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with optical microscopy detection of parasites. In another village, the occurrence of parasitaemia was compared in children with and without fever. During the dry season, from March to June 1992, the population in each village was again invited to come to a central point. Some of the field procedures were repeated. The study revealed Prábis as an administrative Sector of Guinea-Bissau with endemic malaria, mostly due to Plasmodium falciparum, but with a significant rate of mixed infections. Active transmission ocurred throughout the year, but it was more intensive during the rainy season and in the northwestern quadrant of the Sector. The level of endemicity of the villages varied from hypo to holoendemic. The factors associated with the differences among villages included village size and predominant economic activity (closeness to rice fields). The transmission paradigm was, most likely, a mixture of malaria of the African wet Savannah and malaria associated with irrigated paddy fields. PCR proved to be a sensitive method with low specificity during the dry season. Pyraexia of 37.4§C or higher in children aged 2-9 years is not a sensiyive indicator of parasitaemia but, it is highly specific and it has a clinically useful predictive value.


Subject(s)
Humans , Malaria/epidemiology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Ethnicity , Malaria/transmission
20.
Rev. AMRIGS ; 30(4): 272-6, out.-dez. 1986. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-39231

ABSTRACT

Tecem-se comentários sobre as alteraçöes da fisiologia da parede abdominal anterior produzidas pela presença de uma grande hérnia incisional. Enfatiza-se a relevância do pneumoperitôneo progressivo no pré-operatório e o emprego da Tela de Marlex na correçäo do defeito herniário


Subject(s)
Humans , Abdominal Muscles/physiopathology , Hernia, Ventral/physiopathology , Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial , Hernia, Ventral/surgery , Preoperative Care
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